Achromatic Colors   The "hueless" colors black, gray, and white, that is, the whole range of gray levels between black and white. ISO Definition: Perceived colors devoid of hue. The color names white, gray and black are commonly used or, for transmitting objects, colorless and neutral.     Figure: Achromatic "colors"   Additive Color   Synonym for the RGB (red, green, blue) color space that uses the projected red, green and blue light as primary colors to produce the full spectrum of colors.   Figure: The primaries of additive color mixing are red, green, and blue   Monochrome Afterimages   If a black object on a white background (or vice versa) is being focused on for several seconds, and then a white area is being focused on, a negative afterimage is perceived. The afterimage may last for one to two minutes.   Figure: Monochrome afterimage - glare at the dots for several seconds and you will begin to see a negative afterimage, i.e. white dots.   Color Afterimages   If a colored area is being focusd on for a longer time (at least for about half a minute), and then a white area is being focues on, an afterimage of the complementary color is perceived. The afterimage may last for one to two minutes.   Figure: Color afterimage - gaze at the center of the image for about 30 seconds and then look away to a neutral area - an afterimage of the Union Jack will be seen.   Brightness Assimilation   Reverse effect of brightness contrast, seems to depend on cognitive factors like knowledge about the appearance of objects.   Figure: The gray under the white stripes appears lighter than the same gray under the black stripes due to brightness assimilation.   Chromostereoopsis   Red and blue colors are perceived at different depths. This effect is due to the chromatic aberration of the eye (light of different wavelengths is refracted differently).   Figure: Foreground and background color combinations to avoid!   Because chromostereoopsis can be quite disturbing visually, avoid displaying both vivid red and blue together.   CMYK   Figure: The primaries of the CMYK color space are cyan, magenta, yellow, and black.   Color Assimilation   Color assimilation (also known as the Von Bezold spreading effect or Bezold-Brücke effect) is the opposite of Color Contrast: Colors take on the hue of the surrounding color, whereas color contrasts moves it into the direction of the Complementary Color.   Example: The white squares on the red background in the figure below look reddish, and those on the blue background look bluish. Thus, the white squares tend to take on their background's colors.   Figure: The white central square shifts its hue into the direction of the surrounding color.   Color Mixture   Additive Color Mixture   Additive color mixing describes how different wavelengths of light mix to make colors in the mind. This color mixing is explained through the combinations of the "primary" colors red, green, and blue (RGB). Color mixtures are usually demonstrated by shining overlapping beams of light through different color filters onto a white (colorless) surface (as in the diagram below), or by patches of pure colored paper or paint on a rapidly spinning disk (a "color top" or "Maxwell disk," so named because James Clerk Maxwell used it to study color mixing in around 1855, although it was first used for that purpose by Ignaz Shiffermüller in the 1760's).   Figure: Additive color mixing using light sources.   Any color can be produced by adding the colors of the three color channels RGB (Red, Green, and Blue). If the colors of two of the color channels are mixed in equal proportions, new base colors are created. Blue and green add up to a bright, light blue called cyan. Magenta, a bright pink, is made by mixing red and blue. Red and green together make yellow. If red, green, and blue light are mixed equally together at full power, you get white light.        Figure: Mixing two colors additively leads to a lighter color; if red, green, and blue light are mixed equally together at full power, you get white light.   Cultural Variations in the Meaning of Colors   Overview   Culture Red Blue Green Yellow White USA, Europe Danger Manliness, sweet, calm, Authority Safety, safe, sour Caution, Cowardice Purity France Nobility Freedom, Peace Criminality preliminary Neutrality Egypt, Arab Nations Death Virtue, Faith, Truth Fertility, Strength Happiness, Welfare or Wealth Joy India Life, Creativity   Welfare or Wealth, Fertility Success Death, Purity Japan Anger, Danger Shame, Despicableness Future, Youth, Energy Grace, Dignity, Nobility, childish, joyful Death China Happiness, Joy, Festivity Sky, Clouds Ming dynasty, royal, Honor Birth, Wealth, Strength or Power     Color Associations   These associations are valid for western cultures only (see table above for differences).   The Achromatics   White   Positive: Snow, Purity, Innocence, Peace, Lightness, Cleanliness Negative: Cold, Clinical, Vulnerability, Deathly pallor, Surrender, Sterility   Black   Positive: Night, Coal, Power, Stability, Formality, Solidity Negative: Fear, Void, Death, Secrecy, Anonymity, Evil   Gray   Positive: Intelligence, Maturity, Wealth, Dignity, Dedication, Restraint Negative: Confusion, Decay, Concrete, Shadow, Depression, Boredom   The Chromatic Primaries   Red   Positive: Victory, Passion, Love, Strength, Energy, Sexuality Negative: Blood, War, Fire, Danger, Anger, Satan   Yellow   Positive: Sun, Summer, Serenity, Gold, Harvest, Innovation Negative: Cowardice, Treason, Jealousy, Hazard, Illness, Folly   Green   Positive: Vegetation, Nature, Spring, Fertility, Hope, Safety Negative: Decay, Inexperience, Envy, Greed, Escapism, Bad luck   Blue   Positive: Sky, Sea, Spirituality, Stability, Peace, Unity Negative: Cold, Depression, Melancholy, Obscenity, Mystery, Conservatism   COLOURS OF AREA SHAG RUGS There are number of colours we can make in area shag rugs, like Alice blue shaggy area rugs, Dark slategray colour shaggy area rugs, Light salmon colour shaggy area rugs, Pale violet red colour shaggy area rugs, Antique white colour shaggy area rugs, Dark turquoise colour shaggy area rugs, Light seagreen colour shaggy area rugs, Papaya whip colour shaggy area rugs, Aqua colour shaggy area rugs, Darkviolet colour shaggy area rugs, Lightskyblue colour shaggy area rugs, Peachpuff colour shaggy area rugs, Azure colour shaggy area rugs, Deep skyblue colour shaggy area rugs, Light steelblue colour shaggy area rugs, Pink colour shaggy area rugs, Beige colour shaggy area rugs,Dimgray colour shaggy area rugs, Lightyellow colour shaggy area rugs, Plum colour shaggy area rugs, Bisque colour shaggy area rugs, Dodgerblue colour shaggy area rugs, Lime colour shaggy area rugs, Powder blue shaggy area rugs, Black colour shaggy area rugs, Firebrick colour shaggy area rugs, Limegreen colour shaggy area rugs, Purple colour shaggy area rugs, Blanched almond colour shaggy area rugs, Floralwhite colour shaggy area rugs, Linen colour shaggy area rugs, Red colour shaggy area rugs, Blue colour shaggy area rugs, Forest green colour shaggy area rugs, Magenta colour shaggy area rugs, Rosybrown colour shaggy area rugs, Blueviolet colour shaggy area rugs, Fuchsia colour shaggy area rugs, Maroon colour shaggy area rugs, Royalblue colour shaggy area rugs, Brown colour shaggy area rugs, Gainsboro colour shaggy area rugs, Mediumaquamarine colour shaggy area rugs, Saddlebrown colour shaggy area rugs, Burlywood colour shaggy area rugs, Ghostwhite colour shaggy area rugs, Mediumblue colour shaggy area rugs, Salmon colour shaggy area rugs, Cadetblue colour shaggy area rugs, Gold colour shaggy area rugs, Mediumorchid colour shaggy area rugs, Sandybrown colour shaggy area rugs, Chartreuse colour shaggy area rugs, Goldenrod colour shaggy area rugs, Mediumpurple colour shaggy area rugs, Seagreen colour shaggy area rugs, Chocolate colour shaggy area rugs, Gray colour shaggy area rugs, Medium Seagreen colour shaggy area rugs, Seashell colour shaggy area rugs, Coral colour shaggy area rugs, Green colour shaggy area rugs, Mediumslateblue colour shaggy area rugs, Sienna colour shaggy area rugs, Cornflower blue colour shaggy area rugs, Greenyellow colour shaggy area rugs, Medium colour springgreen shaggy area rugs, Silver colour shaggy area rugs, Cornsilk colour shaggy area rugs, Honeydew colour shaggy area rugs, Mediumturquoise colour shaggy area rugs, Skyblue shaggy area rugs, Crimson colour shaggy area rugs, Hotpink colour shaggy area rugs, Medium violetred colour shaggy area rugs, Slateblue colour shaggy area rugs, Cyan colour shaggy area rugs, Indianred colour shaggy area rugs, Midnightblue colour shaggy area rugs, Slategray colour shaggy area rugs, Darkblue colour shaggy area rugs, Indigo colour shaggy area rugs, Mintcream colour shaggy area rugs, Snow colour shaggy area rugs, Darkcyan colour shaggy area rugs, Ivory colour shaggy area rugs, Mistyrose colour shaggy area rugs, Springgreen colour shaggy area rugs, Darkgoldenrod colour shaggy area rugs, Khaki colour shaggy area rugs, Moccasin colour shaggy area rugs, Steelblue colour shaggy area rugs, Darkgray colour shaggy area rugs, Lavender colour shaggy area rugs, Navajowhite colour shaggy area rugs, Tan colour shaggy area rugs, Darkgreen colour shaggy area rugs, Lavenderblush colour shaggy area rugs, Navy colour shaggy area rugs, Teal colour shaggy area rugs, Darkkhaki colour shaggy area rugs, Lawngreen colour shaggy area rugs, Oldlace colour shaggy area rugs, Thistle colour shaggy area rugs, Darkmagenta colour shaggy area rugs, Lemonchiffon colour shaggy area rugs, Olive colour shaggy area rugs, Tomato colour shaggy area rugs, Darkolivegreen colour shaggy area rugs, Lightblue colour shaggy area rugs, Olivedrab colour shaggy area rugs, Turquoise colour shaggy area rugs, Darkorange colour shaggy area rugs, Lightcoral colour shaggy area rugs, Orange colour shaggy area rugs, Violet colour shaggy area rugs, Darkorchid colour shaggy area rugs, Lightcyan colour shaggy area rugs, Orangered colour shaggy area rugs, Wheat colour shaggy area rugs, Darkred shaggy area rugs, Lightgoldenrodyellow colour shaggy area rugs, Orchid colour shaggy area rugs, White colour shaggy area rugs, Darksalmon colour shaggy area rugs, Lightgreen colour shaggy area rugs, Palegoldenrod colour shaggy area rugs, Whitesmoke shaggy area rugs , Darkseagreen colour shaggy area rugs, Lightgrey colour shaggy area rugs, Palegreen colour shaggy area rugs, Yellow colour shaggy area rugs, Darkslateblue colour shaggy area rugs, Lightpink colour shaggy area rugs, Paleturquoise colour shaggy area rugs, Yellowgreen colour shaggy area rugs. To see how these colours looks, you may click here

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